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This guide is aimed at Raspbian Linux (Stretch) on Raspberry PI, but should work on any Linux/UNIX like system DosBox supports.
To compile DosBox, you will need SDL 1.2 and SDL-net in addition to the usual development toolchain. You will also need Subversion to get dosbox and patch to patch it.
sudo apt-get install build-essential libsdl1.2-dev libsdlnet1.2-dev subversion